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Saturday, 20 September 2014
BitCoin Mobile Payment |Bitcoin System|
Before there were cell phones, there was the dream. You know the dream,
the dream of techno-optimists everywhere: Get rid of the wallet. Make
money electronic. Get rid of those inconvenient technologies like cash
and credit cards, and put it all on your phone. Pay by punching a key on
your phone. Like in Japan! And cut out a few middlemen while we're at
it. Admit it, we've all fantasized about it.
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With the smartphone era, the dream of the the mobile payment network
really took off. And now, it looks like another recent technology might
help to bring us closer to that dream: Bitcoin.
The potential of Bitcoin as a mobile payments network isn't fanciful.
There are many potential advantages, or so the argument goes:
No middlemen. One big obstacle to making mobile
payments work has been the number of middlemen involved. OEMs. Carriers.
Mobile platform companies. POS manufacturers and service providers.
Credit card companies. Banks. Payments companies. Everybody realizes the
scale of the opportunity, and so everyone wants a piece of the action.
The predictable end result is that nothing gets done, as companies and
coalitions push differing standards and technologies. Bitcoin simplifies
by cutting everybody out. Want to buy a cup at your local coffee shop?
Just make a direct deposit of bitcoin, and boom.
Low fees. Another undesirable consequence of the
proliferation of middlemen in mobile payments is high fees. High fees
increase transaction costs. The transaction costs of cash (at least for
the end user) are basically zero. This is a big problem, not just
because fees are expensive, but because if you want your mobile solution
to replace cash, you have to be able to use it for all transactions,
not just relatively large transactions that justify charging a fee.
Bitcoin is an open source technology with zero marginal cost to make a
transaction on the peer-to-peer Bitcoin network, so the fees should be
much lower.
Convenience. Bitcoin is essentially electronic cash. Give it, receive it, boom. What could be more convenient?
Developing markets and remittances. The benefits of
Bitcoin might be theoretical and fuzzy for most readers of this article
who have bank accounts. But a lot of people in the developing world
don't have bank accounts. However, increasingly these people have cell
phones, and they will want to move money electronically (and, therefore,
securely). Particularly to receive remittances, which totaled $440
billion in 2012 according to the World Bank,
an amount that dwarfs government aid to the developing world.
Remittance fees are famously expensive, and the market famously opaque
and overregulated. If Bitcoin could allow remittances without fees, that
would be an economic boom to the millions (if not hundreds of millions)
of families in the developing world who rely on remittances. It just
might kickstart a mobile payments revolution. If hundreds of millions of
people in the developing world -- the markets that will probably
determine the future of large global software platforms -- start to use
Bitcoin on their mobile phones to receive remittances, they just might
leapfrog our rickety payments infrastructure and usher in the next era
of mobile payments.
So, is Bitcoin the future of mobile payments? Not so fast.
There's a problem with that beautiful narrative: In the real world,
stuff is messy. The wonderful world of unregulated, open source,
middleman-free, free-also-as-in-beer is never going to happen. Why would
VCs line up to fund Bitcoin startups if they didn't think these
companies would be the VISAs and JP Morgans of the Bitcoin era -- i.e.,
fee-taking necessary middlemen? Already Coinbase, one of the most
popular Bitcoin wallet services, charges a 1% withdrawal fee -- not much
less than the 2 to 3% fee on most point-of-sale credit card
transactions.
Running a modern payments system is a massively complex undertaking
that requires many companies to work together at each point of the
chain, and these companies are going to need to capture some value to
pay their employees and stockholders. In the Bitcoin ecosystem, you
already have wallet services, exchanges, payments networks, and there
will only be more. It's not a conspiracy. It's natural.
Moreover, Bitcoin will either be unregulated or successful. If Bitcoin
becomes successful, it will be because entrepreneurs -- i.e., suits --
spread the Gospel of Bitcoin, and suits don't want to be thrown into
jail. Bitcoin businesspeople and regulators are already cozying up with
each other, as Buzzfeed's Matt Zeitlin reported, just like regular bankers and regulators cozy up with each other. Welcome to the real world.
What about convenience? So far, it's far less convenient than a credit
card. Before I get accused of being the guy who said the Internet would
never amount to anything because you couldn't take your laptop to the
beach -- yes, the ecosystem will mature. As the exchanges get bigger,
massive thefts like the ones recently experienced probably won't happen
as often. User-friendly services will build on top of the technology so
that grandmothers can use it.
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